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His memories uncovered a secret jail - right next to an international airport

Samira Hussain
BBC News
Reporting fromDhaka, Bangladesh
BBC/Aamir Peerzada Mir Ahmad Bin Quasem stands in a detention centre looking at the camera, he wears glasses, a dark polo shirt and light tros and has a beard. He is stood in front of a hole in the wall exposing inner brickwork with a pile of rubble just in frame to his right.BBC/Aamir Peerzada

When investigators smashed through a hastily built wall, they uncovered a set of secret jail cells.

It turned out to be a freshly bricked-up doorway – an attempt to hide what lurked behind.

Inside, off a narrow hallway, were tiny rooms to the right and left. It was pitch-black.

The team may never have found this clandestine jail – a stone's throw from Dhaka's International Airport – without the recollections of Mir Ahmad Bin Quasem and others.

A critic of Bangladesh's ousted leader, he was held there for eight years.

He was blindfolded for much of his time in the prison, so he leaned on the sounds he could recall - and he distinctly ed the sound of planes landing.

That was what helped lead investigators to the military base near the airport. Behind the main building on the compound, they found the smaller, heavily guarded, windowless structure made of brick and concrete where detainees were kept.

It was hidden in plain sight.

BBC/Aamir Peerzada A view of the outside of a detention centre, it shows a small entrance doorway on the edge of a red brick building and steps going up inside. In the background are treet and an unkept garden with leaves on the floor and the sun casting a shadow on the building.BBC/Aamir Peerzada
The doorway had been bricked up to hide what lay behind

Investigators have spoken to hundreds of victims like Quasem since mass protests toppled Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina Wazed's government last August, and inmates in the jails were released. Many others are alleged to have been killed unlawfully.

The people running the secret prisons, including the one over the road from Dhaka airport, were largely from an elite counter-terrorism unit, the Rapid Action Battalion (RAB), acting on orders directly from Hasina, investigators say.

"The officers concerned [said] all the enforced disappearance cases have been done with the approval, permission or order by the prime minister herself," Tajul Islam, the chief prosecutor for the International Crimes Tribunal of Bangladesh, told the BBC.

Hasina's party says the alleged crimes were carried out without its knowledge, that it bears no responsibility and that the military establishment operated alone - a charge the army rejects.

Seven months on, Quasem and others may have been released, but they remain terrified of their captors, who are serving security force and are all still free.

Quasem says he never leaves home without wearing a hat and mask.

"I always have to watch my back when I'm travelling."

'Widespread and systematic' jail network

Watch: The BBC get access to secret jail in Bangladesh

He slowly walks up a flight of concrete steps to show the BBC where he was kept. Pushing through a heavy metal door, he bends his head low and goes through another narrow doorway into "his" room, the cell where he was held for eight years.

"It felt like being buried alive, being totally cut off from the outside world," he tells the BBC. There were no windows and no doors to natural light. When he was inside, he couldn't tell between day or night.

Quasem, a lawyer in his 40s, has done interviews before but this is the first time he has taken the media for a detailed look inside the tiny cell where he was held.

Viewed by torchlight, it is so small an average-sized person would have difficulty standing up straight. It smells musty. Some of the walls are broken and bits of brick and concrete lie strewn on the ground - a last-ditch attempt by perpetrators to destroy any evidence of their crimes.

"[This] is one detention centre. We have found that more than 500, 600, 700 cells are there all through the country. This shows that this was widespread and systematic," says Islam, the prosecutor, who accompanied the BBC on the visit to the jail.

Quasem also clearly re the faint blue tiles from his cell, now lying in pieces on the floor, which led investigators to this particular room. In comparison to the cells on the ground floor, this one is much larger, at 10ft x 14ft (3m x 4.3m). There is a squatting toilet off to one side.

BBC/Aamir Peerzada A view of the inside of a detention centre, showing three small oblong cells with rubble on the floor and holes in the walls exposing brickwork.BBC/Aamir Peerzada
Some of the cells are too tiny to stretch out or stand up in

In painful detail, Quasem walks around the room, describing how he spent his time during his years in captivity. During the summers, it was unbearably hot. He would crouch on the floor and put his face as close to the base of the doorway as he could, to get some air.

"It felt worse than death," he says.

Coming back to relive his punishment seems cruel. But Quasem believes it is important for the world to see what was done.

"The high officials, the top brass who aided and abetted, facilitated the fascist regime are still in their position," he says.

"We need to get our story out, and do whatever we can to ensure justice for those who didn't return, and to help those who are surviving to rehabilitate into life."

Previous reports said he was kept inside a notorious detention facility - known as Aynaghor, or "House of Mirrors" - inside the main intelligence headquarters in Dhaka, but investigators now believe there were many such sites.

Quasem told the BBC he spent all his detention at the RAB base, apart from the first 16 days. Investigators now suspect the first site was a detective branch of police in Dhaka.

He believes he was disappeared because of his family's politics. In 2016 he'd been representing his father, a senior member of the country's largest Islamist party, the Jamaat-e-Islami, who was on trial and later hanged.

BBC graphic

'I thought I'd never get out'

Handout Atikur Rahman Rasel lies in a hospital bed wearing a blue hospital gown with a tube going into the top of his hand, and another man standing next to the hospital bed wearing a paisley shirt and consoling him.Handout
Atikur Rahman Rasel lives with family now, but still has physical scars from his ordeal

Five other men the BBC spoke to described being taken away, blindfolded and handcuffed, kept in dark concrete cells with no access to the outside world. In many cases they say they were beaten and tortured.

While the BBC cannot independently their stories, almost all say they are petrified that one day, they might bump into a captor on the street or on a bus.

"Now, whenever I get into a car or I'm alone at home, I feel scared thinking about where I was," Atikur Rahman Rasel, 35, says. "I wonder how I survived, whether I was really supposed to survive.

He says his nose was broken and his hand is still painful. "They put handcuffs on me and beat me a lot."

Getty Images A huge crowd of anti-government protesters gather in front of and on top of former prime minister Sheikh Hasina's palace in Dhaka on 5 August 2024, after her 15 year rule ended as she fled after more than a month of deadly protests.Getty Images
Huge crowds stormed the palace of former prime minister Sheikh Hasin on 5 August 2024, as her 15-year rule ended with her fleeing after weeks of deadly anti-government protests

Rasel says he was approached by a group of men outside a mosque in Dhaka's old city last July, as anti-government protests raged. They said they were from law enforcement and he had to go with them.

The next minute, he was taken into a grey car, handcuffed, hooded and blindfolded. Forty minutes later, he was pulled out of the car, taken into a building and put in a room.

"After about half an hour, people started coming in one by one and asking questions. Who are you? What do you do":[]}